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Fukui, Yasuhito
Journal of Conflict & Security law, 14 Pages, 2024/00
The international law of Nuclear Security is composed of treaties and a series of soft law instruments, which supplement the international conventions. Therefore, they function as guidelines that provide the policy direction so that the wide variety of nuclear facilities in the states can be properly protected. Traditionally, the role of soft law was explained for its flexibility or normativity. However, when the provisions of such instruments are transposed into municipal law, they function as somewhat a hard law even if their origin is soft law at the international law level.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2023-026, 54 Pages, 2023/12
JAEA-Review-2023-026.pdf:3.26MB
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, which is the agency dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese Fiscal Year 2022, conducted by the NEAT.
Shibata, Ryodai; Amano, Tsukasa; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Miyaji, Noriko; Nakamura, Hironobu
Dai-44-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2023/11
In April 2020, JAEA has been introduced Physical Protection Corrective Action Program (PPCAP) with full-scale. It was needed to introduce unified operation for six sites with different business scales, and headquarters developed the common guideline. There was an impression that physical protection activities were carried out by a limited number of employees. Therefore, a problem was to root and activate PPCAP activities among all employees in order to make them effective. Five activities were implemented to solve this problem. As a result, more than 3,700 condition reports (CR) have been collected for 4 years. This paper reports on the activities related to the PPCAP that have been implemented at JAEA.
Fukui, Yasuhito
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO
, 65(9), p.564 - 567, 2023/09
This article explains that how the international law prevents armed attacks to nuclear power plant based on the lex lata basis. Four points are raised, in other words, first, how the current international law prohibit armed attacks to the nuclear power plant. Second, the current international law can prevent the armed attacks effectively. Third, if the law lacks the effectiveness, what kind of framework or response are necessary. Fourth, if these legal frameworks are applied to the nuclear power plants in Japan, how these will be accommodated are explained.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2022-044, 58 Pages, 2022/12
JAEA-Review-2022-044.pdf:3.83MB
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, which is the agency dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese fiscal year 2021, conducted by the NEAT.
Amano, Tsukasa; Sato, Yoshiharu; Shibata, Ryodai; Yamazaki, Katsuyuki; Shiromo, Hideo; Nakamura, Hironobu
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2022/11
About ten years have passed since the introduction of nuclear security compliance and security culture development activities. While there have been changes in domestic and international situations, it is essential for nuclear security that the entire organization maintains an attitude that emphasizes compliance with laws and regulations and nuclear security. JAEA has been effectively implementing various activities with evaluation and improvement. Especially, e-learning which combines education and awareness, case studies, and internal audits are considered effective in maintaining nuclear security compliance and security culture development activities.
Fukui, Yasuhito
Dai-43-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 3 Pages, 2022/11
After the Russian invasion on Ukrainian territory, which accompanied armed attacks in nuclear facilities in Ukraine, these incidents triggered serious concerns in Japan. Fortunately, in Japan, the necessary administrative mechanism is already established based on the currently effective laws and regulations and no additional measures are necessary to prepare for this purpose. Usually, un ordinary physical protection operations are deemed to execute in accordance with the Nuclear Reactor Regulation Act for the operators together with Japanese police and Japan coastal guards etc. However, once the unexpected incident exceeds the threshold of police-based physical protection, upon request of local governments etc., Armed Attack Situations Response Act and Civil Protection Act is activated. In addition to the ordinary physical protection, thus Prime Minister's Cabinet Office and competent authorities concerned order to protect nuclear facilities especially by Japan self-defense force, local government and designated institutions etc. in other words to protect Japanese nationals.
Yoshizawa, Michio
Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 64(8), p.439 - 441, 2022/08
no abstracts in English
Manabe, Kentaro; Sato, Kaoru; Takahashi, Fumiaki
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(5), p.656 - 664, 2022/05
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)It is known that internal doses depend on the physical characteristics of an evaluation subject. Internal dose coefficients provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are evaluated using the characteristics of the standard Caucasian. It is important to grasp the variations of doses due to the differences in characteristics between Japanese and Caucasian when the dose coefficients of ICRP are applied to Japanese. This study evaluated dose coefficients using specific absorbed fraction (SAF) data based on the average adult Japanese physique which was developed by modification of the existing Japanese SAF data with additional calculations to make the existing data fit to the current dosimetric methodology of ICRP and compared them to those provided by ICRP. As a result, the discrepancies in dose coefficients were smaller than plus or minus 10% in most intake conditions. However, some intake conditions indicated varieties over 40% due to the differences in organ masses, amount of adipose tissues around the thoracic cavity, and so on. This information is useful in application of ICRP's dose coefficients to population of which physical characteristics are different from those of Caucasian. Further, the Japanese SAF data is published as an appendix of this paper.
Nakamura, Hironobu
INMMJ Newsletter (Internet), 3, P. 2, 2022/04
Based on the request form INMM Japan Chapter, I summarized the subject and suggestion about human resource development for nuclear security area. We are applied the hard law for the Nuclear security to keep public safe as well as safety. In the work of nuclear security, even if the research institute such as JAEA, as well as electric company, we must satisfy the nuclear security rules corresponding to each business regulation. The basic work is the activities of compliance and nuclear security culture promotion, insider/outsider countermeasures and emergency response, etc... However, in order to implement those works, high level of compliance consciousness and ability of communication are necessary. In addition to that, human resource development for nuclear security is not only the education for the person in charge of nuclear security management but also, we implement the education (e-learning) for all workers in JAEA. Furthermore, we implement education for the law, periodical review of our rules and assessment in order to reduce the security risk as low as achievable. Basically, I think that securing human resources and development of human resources is basic approach. However, in case of human resource development for nuclear security, not only the implementation of OJT and education, but also it is very important to conduct several activities shown in above continuously.
Hokama, Tomonori; Otoshi, Kazuki*; Kataoka, Noriaki*
Hoken Butsuri (Internet), 57(1), p.65 - 69, 2022/03
no abstracts in English
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2021-039, 98 Pages, 2021/12
JAEA-Review-2021-039.pdf:5.99MB
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese government under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA provides technical assistances to the government in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies. JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice to the government. Moreover, NEAT provides the technical exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear emergency preparedness and response to emergency responders. This report introduces the results of activities in FY 2020, during the third medium and long-term plan from FY 2015 to 2021 as Chapter 1. Chapter 2 summarizes activities in 20 years since FY 1999.
Shibata, Ryodai; Yamazaki, Katsuyuki; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Miyaji, Noriko; Nakamura, Hironobu
Dai-42-Kai Nihon Kaku Busshitsu Kanri Gakkai Nenji Taikai Kaigi Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2021/11
Physical protection systems (PPS) operated for security in nuclear facilities uses computer-controlled systems. If malicious peoples change program or install computer virus to PPS, they are invalidated. Due to insufficient surveillance etc., and then unauthorized removal and sabotage may be caused. This paper introduces efforts of necessary procurement and quality managements etc., for decreasing there affect, and their details.
Takada, Tsuyoshi
Nihon Jishin Kogakkai-Shi, (44), p.6 - 11, 2021/10
This report describes the status of nuclear seismic safety assurance in Japan before 2007, followed by the background and main achievements of the activities of the three research committees in collaboration with the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering (JAEE) and the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), and finally a summary of the points that the author considers important as the end of these activities.
Hirouchi, Jun; Takahara, Shogo; Komagamine, Hiroshi*; Kato, Nobuyuki*; Matsui, Yasuto*; Yoneda, Minoru*
Journal of Radiological Protection, 41(3), p.S139 - S149, 2021/09
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：30.55(Environmental Sciences)Sheltering is one of the countermeasures for protection against radiation exposures in nuclear accidents. The effectiveness of sheltering is often expressed by the reduction factor, that is the ratio of the indoor to the outdoor cumulative radioactivity concentrations or doses. The indoor concentration is mainly controlled by the air exchange rate, penetration factor, and indoor deposition rate. The penetration factor and indoor deposition rate depend on the surface and opening materials. We investigated experimentally these parameters of I
and particles. The experiment was performed in two apartment houses, three single-family houses, and chambers. The obtained penetration factor ranged 0.3 
1 for particles of 0.3 1 
m and 0.15 0.7 for I depending on the air exchange rate. The indoor deposition rate for a house room ranged 0.007 0.2 h
for particles of 0.31 m and 0.21.5 h for I depending on floor materials.
Fukui, Yasuhito
CISTEC Janaru, (190), p.208 - 219, 2020/11
This article argues especially the inter-relation between the nuclear security and cyber security. First, this article explains the issues related to the nuclear security such as nuclear security related international treaties and IAEA nuclear security series documents which is essential to support this treaty regime. Second, as for cyber security, international treaty such as Convention on Cybercrime and international conference on cyber issues held in five times at high level, and UN activities held in the form of the Group of governmental experts and Open-ended working group etc. Based on the fundamental assessment on these multi-faceted aspects, this article tries to propose the guidance in view of the Review Conference of 2005 Amendment to the 1979 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, which will be held in the next year 2021.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2020-016, 67 Pages, 2020/09
JAEA-Review-2020-016.pdf:4.09MB
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public institutions, which is an agency dealing with an emergency situation in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these Acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and also to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese Fiscal Year 2019, conducted by NEAT in accordance with the third medium and long-term plan for the period from Japanese Fiscal Year 2015 to 2021.
Takahara, Shogo
Hoshasen Seibutsu Kenkyu, 55(2), p.162 - 172, 2020/06
no abstracts in English
Kowatari, Munehiko; Yoshitomi, Hiroshi
Radioisotopes, 68(9), p.595 - 603, 2019/09
Yokoyama, Sumi*; Hamada, Nobuyuki*; Tsujimura, Norio
International Journal of Radiation Biology, 95(8), p.1103 - 1112, 2019/08
Times Cited Count：9 Percentile：62.87(Biology)